Bulk insulation materials use small, trapped air pockets to reduce or prevent heat flow. The air does the insulating - the material simply traps it.
Bulk insulation comes in a variety of formats - blankets, segments, rigid sheets or loose fill.
Reflective insulation
Reflective insulation works by letting through only a small percentage of the radiant heat it receives (e.g. sunshine) and reflecting the rest using a shiny surface. A gap next to the reflective surface creates a still layer of air, which is important for reducing heat flow.
Reflective insulation comes as flexible metallic foils with either one or both sides reflective, as single or multiple layers. It should be perforated to improve movement of moisture away from surfaces.
Combination insulation
Combination insulation has reflective material bonded to a bulk material in both flexible and rigid formats.
Insulation materials
There are many insulation materials available including wool, polystyrene, glass wool, mineral wool, paper-based insulation and polyester. See insulation materials for a more detailed explanation of your options.
Straw bale construction or insulated concrete formwork construction methods also provide high levels of insulation and glass bricks have a high insulation value.
When should you install insulation?
The most economical time to install insulation is during construction of new buildings and during renovations before walls, floors and ceiling spaces are closed in. However, it's also common (and cost-effective) to install insulation or upgrade insulation in existing homes.
Where should you install insulation?
Most heat is lost through the ceiling and roof, so that should be your top priority for insulation.
The design and construction of your home will affect the specific types of insulation you can use, and where the insulation can be placed.
With some construction systems - such as aerated concrete blocks, glass blocks and straw bales - little or no additional insulation may be required.
Roof and ceiling insulation
Roofs and ceilings work most effectively if they are insulated together. About 42% of heat loss from an average uninsulated home occurs through this area (up to 60% in older houses).
Use reflective insulation under the roof and bulk insulation in the ceiling. Rolling bulk blanket insulation across ceiling joists is the most effective way to insulate the ceiling.
Reflective insulation can be hard to fit to the roof of an existing home unless you're replacing the roof.
Wall insulation
About 24% of heat from an average uninsulated home is lost through the walls. Wall insulation can double as a moisture barrier.
If you're using a framed construction system, insulation should be placed within the wall framing. Insulation can also be installed outside the framing (but the insulation must be weatherproof to be effective).
Note that the amount of insulation you can install may depend on the thickness of the walls and the size of the framing. If you're building a new home or renovation, consider increasing the framing size to fit in more insulation.
If you're using a solid construction system such as concrete, insulation should be placed on the outside of the solid wall. The inside of the wall can also be insulated.
Wall insulation can be fitted to existing homes by:
removing wall claddings and installing blanket or biscuit insulation - this is the best option for timber frames
pumping or 'blowing’ bulk loose-fill or foam insulation into the top of the wall cavity, or through holes in the top of an external wall - this can be done for timber frames, but is labour-intensive and difficult to get a consistent fill
fixing solid or blanket insulation to the outside of solid walls - this will include external cladding as part of the system.
Floor insulation
Up to 20% of heat loss occurs through the floor of uninsulated houses. Insulation should be used:
on the underside of suspended timber or concrete floors
on the edge and underside of concrete floor slabs.
In existing homes, depending on access, you can fit:
foil and/or bulk insulation beneath suspended timber or concrete floors
insulation around the edge of a concrete slab.
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Some famous architects
Frank Lloyd Wright (born Frank Lincoln Wright)
Was born in Wisconsin,USA on the 8th of June, 1867. He passed away on the 9th of April 1959 aged 92–His colorful personal life regularly made headlines, a lot of which were involved with the fire and murders at the Taliesin Studio in 1914. His career included Architecture, interior design, Writing and Teaching.
Wright who designed more than 1,000 projects, completed over 500 works. Wright encouraged organic building.
His work includes original and innovative examples of many different building types, including offices, churches, schools, skyscrapers, hotels, and museums. Wright also often designed many of the interior objects of his buildings, such as the furniture and stained glass.
Wright wrote 20 books and many articles, and was a popular lecturer in the United States and in Europe.
Already well-known during his lifetime, Wright was recognized in 1991 by the American Institute of Architects as "the greatest American architect of all time".
Andrea Palladio
Was a famous Italian Architect born in Venice, Italy on the 30th of November, 1508 He died on the 19th of August, 1580.
Palladio was influenced by Roman and Greek architecture. All of his buildings are located in Northen Italy,But his teachings,
summarized in the architectural treatise I Quattro Libri Dell'Architettura (The four books of architecture) gained him wide recognition.
Andrea Palladio remains the most influential architect in the history of architecture. About 450 years ago his country houses (called Villas) began to appear on the countryside of the Veneto, The mainland province around Venice. Palladios Villas revolutionized architecture in the 17th and 18th centuries Western Europe, produced the school of southern architecture and changed the way homes look in our contemporary world.The city of Vicenza and the Palladian Villas of the Veneto are UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
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Insulation
Types of insulation
Bulk insulation
Bulk insulation materials use small, trapped air pockets to reduce or prevent heat flow. The air does the insulating - the material simply traps it.
Bulk insulation comes in a variety of formats - blankets, segments, rigid sheets or loose fill.
Reflective insulation
Reflective insulation works by letting through only a small percentage of the radiant heat it receives (e.g. sunshine) and reflecting the rest using a shiny surface. A gap next to the reflective surface creates a still layer of air, which is important for reducing heat flow.
Reflective insulation comes as flexible metallic foils with either one or both sides reflective, as single or multiple layers. It should be perforated to improve movement of moisture away from surfaces.
Combination insulation
Combination insulation has reflective material bonded to a bulk material in both flexible and rigid formats.Insulation materials
There are many insulation materials available including wool, polystyrene, glass wool, mineral wool, paper-based insulation and polyester. See insulation materials for a more detailed explanation of your options.Straw bale construction or insulated concrete formwork construction methods also provide high levels of insulation and glass bricks have a high insulation value.
When should you install insulation?
The most economical time to install insulation is during construction of new buildings and during renovations before walls, floors and ceiling spaces are closed in. However, it's also common (and cost-effective) to install insulation or upgrade insulation in existing homes.Where should you install insulation?
Most heat is lost through the ceiling and roof, so that should be your top priority for insulation.The design and construction of your home will affect the specific types of insulation you can use, and where the insulation can be placed.
With some construction systems - such as aerated concrete blocks, glass blocks and straw bales - little or no additional insulation may be required.
Roof and ceiling insulation
Roofs and ceilings work most effectively if they are insulated together. About 42% of heat loss from an average uninsulated home occurs through this area (up to 60% in older houses).Use reflective insulation under the roof and bulk insulation in the ceiling. Rolling bulk blanket insulation across ceiling joists is the most effective way to insulate the ceiling.
Reflective insulation can be hard to fit to the roof of an existing home unless you're replacing the roof.
Wall insulation
About 24% of heat from an average uninsulated home is lost through the walls. Wall insulation can double as a moisture barrier.If you're using a framed construction system, insulation should be placed within the wall framing. Insulation can also be installed outside the framing (but the insulation must be weatherproof to be effective).
Note that the amount of insulation you can install may depend on the thickness of the walls and the size of the framing. If you're building a new home or renovation, consider increasing the framing size to fit in more insulation.
If you're using a solid construction system such as concrete, insulation should be placed on the outside of the solid wall. The inside of the wall can also be insulated.
Wall insulation can be fitted to existing homes by:
Floor insulation
Up to 20% of heat loss occurs through the floor of uninsulated houses. Insulation should be used:
- on the underside of suspended timber or concrete floors
- on the edge and underside of concrete floor slabs.
In existing homes, depending on access, you can fit:- foil and/or bulk insulation beneath suspended timber or concrete floors
- insulation around the edge of a concrete slab.
Some famous architects----